All 90 forts in Bermuda were built by the British with most made of durable stone which is why they are still standing today. Many of these structures are in good condition, protected as historic sites maintained by the Bermuda Government. Fort Scaur, for example, re-opened after a comprehensive renovation in January 2010.
Many of the forts are now part of the World Heritage Sites recognized by UNESCO and preserved for future generations. Throughout history, Bermuda has been a strategic British Naval post for North America and the Caribbean. Even during World War II it was an important position for British and American military forces.
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Alexandra Battery and Observation Station (Northern Command)
Located on the eastern coast of St. George's Island, it was the centre of a line of coastal defenses, with Fort St. Catherine and St. David's Battery at either side. Initially built in the 1840s, it was completely rebuilt in the 1870s for five Rifled Muzzle Loaders, then revised for two 6-inch Breech Loaders in the 1890s. The Gibraltar Shield is the only one known in Bermuda and is a very rare feature of such fortifications worldwide. |
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Burnt Point Fort
Located on the small peninsula at the end of Ferry Reach. This structure was built of soft Bermuda stone in the early 17th century (mid- 1600s) to defend the mouth of Ferry Reach Channel. It is open to the public and in close proximity to Martello Tower and Ferry Point Magazine. Access by foot only. |
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Coney Island Lime Kiln
Located on the southeastern coast of Coney Island, the kiln was constructed by the British military to supply lime to the many fortifications erected at the eastern end of Bermdua in the 19th Century, and probably built in the 1820s. Some off-road parking available. |
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Devonshire Redoubt
Located on the northern side of Castle Island and constructed in 1621 to defend the entrance and anchorage of Castle Harbour and replace Moore's Fort, which burned to the ground in 1619. It has a central tower, a rampart for cannon and serveral magazines, as well as a watercatch. Accessible by boat to Castle Island National Park. |
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Dockyard: The Keep
Located at the northern end of Dockyard and constructed in 1820s, there are eight buildings - the Commissioner's House, the cannon ramparts, six magazines and seven bastions. The Keep and Dockyard defenses were built to hold the naval base and to give some coverage to Royal Navy ships at anchor in Grassy Bay. The Keep is now the home of the Bermuda Maritime Museum. Good parking in Dockyard. |
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Dockyard: The Land Front
What is now the road entrance to Dockyard is the southern boundary of Dockyard constructed in the 1820s and served to protect against attack by a land force. There are a number of buildings - the Right Advance, the Ramparts and magazines at Casemate Barracks. This area was used as a prison for 20 years, know as "Casemates". No public access. |
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Dockyard: The Western Rampart and Bastions H & I
It is the western boundary of the Dockyard, the center portion of the three-sided defense work, constructed in the 1820s to defend the seaward approaches from the west. The Western Rampart extends from the Casemate Barracks to the Keep, with extentions of Bastions, "H" & "I".Two bastions gaurded the flanks of the rampart. It served as the only road to the upper level of the Keep until 1920's, when the road entered at Casemates Barracks. No public access. |
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Ferry Island Fort & the Ferry
Located on the summit of the small Ferry Island at Ferry Reach Park, appropriately named because the ferry shuttled between St. George's and the Bermuda islands and was situated on the southern side of this small island and connected by a bridge to St. George's island. No buildings have survived, only a ferry dock which is badly damaged by the sea and years of neglect. The fort thought to be built in early the 19th Century, was intended to guard the passage known as Ferry Reach protecting the ferry landings on both sides of the channel. A footbridge links the island from Ferry Point. |
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Ferry Point Magazine
Located on the northern side of Ferry Reach Park, a few hundred feet from Martello Tower. The Magazine along with its courtyard wall was built of soft Bermuda stone in the 1820s and used for storing gunpowder for the forts at Ferry Point. It is the only structure built from soft Bermuda stone that has survived. Accessible by foot only. |
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Fort Albert
Located on a hill overlooking the east coast of St. George's Island, just east of Fort Victoria. Fort Albert was built in the 1840s to defend the entrance to the Narrows Channel, Bermuda's only ship channel to the dockyard. The fort is on the old Club Med site. Four 10-inch RML guns were here and moved to Fort St. Catherine in the 1960s. No public access. |
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Fort Cunningham
Located on the southern half of Paget Island, it is the only fort with straight wrought iron frontages for seven gunports. It was built to defend the entrance to the Narrows Channel in the 1820s, then rebuilt in the 1870s for nine Rifled Muzzle Loader cannons. In the 1890s it was rearmed with two Rifled Breech Loaders. Accessible by boat only. |
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Fort George
Located on the hightest hill of St. George's Island providing defence for the town and harbour. It was also the site of a major signalling station since 1612. It was rebuilt and rearmed a number of times, the last being in the 1870s. Two of the Rifled Muzzle Loader guns of the period survive in place. It is currently used as a station for Harbour Radio. Limited access and parking. |
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Fort Hamilton
Located on the eastern side of the City of Hamilton, this fort was built in the 1870s to protect Hamilton Harbour. It has panoramic views, a peaceful place with well tended lawns, a garden moat, dungeons, and never used 18 tonne artillery pieces relocated here from Fort Langton. A Guard House, Tea Room, Caretaker's cottage and toilets exist. Good parking and access. |
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Fort Paget
Located on the southeastern tip of St. George's Island. This was Bermuda's first fort, built in 1612 to defend the original channel in St. George's Harbour. Only the archaeological site exists with features cut into bedrock, such as Musketry trenches. Accessible by boat only. |
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Fort Popple
Located on the rocky north coast of St. David's Island and built in the 1730s. Paget, Smith and Popple Forts were built to protect the ship channel into St. George's Harbour. This fort was carved from bedrock and overlooks the southeastern coast. The views are spectacular! A quarry is below at waters edge probably for the hard 'wharfblock'. Accessible by foot only, with parking at Great Head Park or St. David's Cricket Field. |
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Fort Scaur
Located towards the southern end of Somerset Island, this fort was constructed in 1870s to defend the crossing at Somerset Bridge and protect the landward part of the Dockyard defenses. It was used until 1920s. It has a small Keep area and is part of Scaur Hill Park. The entire park and fort was recently renovated, reopening in January 2010. Car and cycle parking is available. |
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Fort St. Catherine
This impressive fort is located on an equally impressive site overlooking the east end of the island. The fort was built in 1614, over the beach where Bermuda's first settlers came ashore. Audio/visual displays depict the island's history. There is a replica of the Crown Jewels guarded by a wax figure of a Beefeater, as well as a gun and weapon collection, and cannons pointing toward the enemy at sea. A superb beach is adjacent to the fort with a food concession. Entrance fee; open daily. Phone: 441.297.1920 |
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Fort William (Western Redoubt)
Located on the northern edge of St. George's, opposite the Unfinished Church. This fort was built to defend the town of St. George's and to give some cover to its harbour. In the 1870s is was converted into a gunpowder magazine by roofing over the ditch and the central barracks, or Keep, making it unique in Bermuda and the countries of the old British Empire. Good parking to the west of the Redoubt. |
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Gates Fort (Town Cut Battery)
This fort is located at the southeast corner of St. George's Island and the northside of the channel into St. George's Harbour. The gate house, block house and gun rampart were built in the late 1700s and defended a narrow channel for small boats between Higgs and St. George's Island. The waterway was widened in the early 1920s and is one of the first attractions seen from cruise ships entering St. George's. The town crier is usually there to greet the guests. Good access from main road; parking limited. |
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King's Castle
Located on the eastern point of Castle Island and constructed in 1612 to defend the entrance of the channel into Castle Harbour, the second principal anchorage in the first two centuries of Bermuda. It is unique because it was probably the first building made of stone in Bermuda and is the oldest standing masonry fort of English origins in the Americas. Accessible by boat only. |
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Landward Fort
Located at the southern tip of Castle Island and constructed in the 1650s, this fort defended the boat channel between Castle Island and the main island of Bermuda, at the end of Tucker's Town area. Accessible by boat only. |
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Martello Tower
Located on a hill at the end of the Ferry Reach peninsula. There is a Tower built in the early 1820s of Bermuda limestone set within a dry moat. The purpose was to defend the Ferry Reach Channel and thus prevent an enemy force from attacking St. George's Island from the main island of Bermuda. This site is open to the public and part of the Bermuda Railway Trail access. Accessible by foot. |
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Peniston's Redoubt
Located on the eastern coast of Paget Island, this fort was built in 1613 and was rediscovered in 2002 during archaelogical work. The Redoubt defended the small boat channel between Paget and Higgs Islands and perhaps between Higgs and St. George's Islands. Accessible by boat only. |
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Smith's Fort
Located on northern side of Governor's Island, a very small island at the mouth of St. George's Channel, the original entrance to St. George's Harbour. It is opposite Fort Paget, constructed a year later in 1613. It was heavily altered in the 1790s, with a new fort built on top. Archaeological Research was cone in the 1990s with further study needed. No public access. |
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Southampton Fort
Located on the western tip of Southampton Island and constructed in 1612, this fort was altered and used until the 1820s. It was built to to defend the entrance of the channel into Castle Harbour along with King's Castle. It was altered in the 1790s and the remains are visible today. Accessible by boat, but difficult in most weather conditions. |
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St. David's Base End Station
Located just east of St. David's Lighthouse, it was one of 13 erected as part of the US ARmy fire control systems during WWII. Limited parking at St. David's Lighthouse. |
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St. David's Battery
Located on the eatern coast of St. David's Island. The Battery was constructed in 1910 and defended the entrance to the Narrows Channel with new guns emplaced at Fort Cunningham and Alexandra Battery. There are two 9.2-inch BL guns and two 6-inch BL guns in place. Good accessibility with parking. |
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Turtle Hill Battery
Located and maintained by the Fairmont Southampton Hotel, there is a Panama Mount only which was erected by the US Army in 1942 when the American Forces assumed the coastal defense of the Island. Good parking at hotel. |
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Whale Bay Fort and Battery
The two forts are located on the southern coast of Southampton Parish, overlooking Whale Bay. There are no buildings standing. The Battery contains store, barracks and magazine rooms. The forts were built in the mid 1700s to defend the entrance to Hog Fish Channel. Good parking at Whale Bay beach nearby, then by foot. |